Banking Crisis
UBS Criticises Proposed Swiss Capital Hike, Says It Diverges From Global Standards

In a process that revives memories of the way bank regulation was addressed after 2008, financial regulators in Switzerland want to impose new capital regulations on the country's largest bank. At issue is whether UBS will be out of line with its commercial rivals.
UBS said late Friday afternoon that it broadly supports proposed Swiss federal government regulatory proposals to guard against shocks, but also “strongly disagrees” with what it calls an “extreme” proposed hike in capital requirements.
Switzerland’s largest bank said measures would put it out of line with international standards – potentially giving rivals a competitive edge. More than two years ago, UBS acquired scandal-hit rival Credit Suisse in an emergency deal at the behest of Swiss authorities. The saga revived memories of the 2008 financial crisis. US-based Silicon Valley Bank also went under in the spring of 2023, and was rescued by the US federal government, with First Citizens Bank taking it over subsequently. JP Morgan acquired First Republic in a similar deal after the latter hit financial trouble.
Regulators are keen to avoid a repeat of the experience.
Switzerland now has one universal bank, making UBS "too big to
fail."
Swiss capital rule changes could mean that UBS would have to hold
$24 billion more Common Equity Tier 1 capital on a pro-forma
basis, adding to CET1 changes it has already communicated, taking
such capital it must hold to $42 billion. (CET1 capital is a
shock absorber against a market crash, and the ways it is set and
calculated have changed before and after the 2008 crisis.)
In a statement issued after the Swiss stock market closed on
Friday, UBS said proposed capital regulations would “result in
capital requirements that are neither proportionate nor
internationally aligned.”
“The proposals would require UBS to fully deduct investments in
foreign subsidiaries from its CET1 capital. UBS would also need
to fully deduct deferred tax assets on temporary differences (TD
DTAs) and capitalised software from its CET1 capital.
Furthermore, the proposals would necessitate an increase in
prudential valuation adjustments (PVAs),” UBS said.
The Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority (FINMA) said it
supported the federal government’s “parameters” of proposed
rules, but did not specifically mention UBS’s
complaint.
“FINMA supports the parameters presented by the Federal Council
for the preparation of the draft consultation on amendments to
the Banking Act. In particular, it supports the planned new
statutory powers for FINMA in the areas of corporate governance,
early intervention, recovery and resolution, as well as the
introduction of higher capital requirements for systemically
important banks with subsidiaries abroad. The proposed measures
are key to strengthening the resilience of banks in the event of
a crisis and thus the stability of the financial system,” it
said.
The proposals have been in the works for some time, and UBS has
previously warned it could be hit. While riding the wave of a
rising level of wealth in regions such as Asia, the bank also,
like its peers, faces continued regulatory costs, demands for
more technology, and uncertainties of the global economic and
geopolitical climate. As
reported in April last year, the Federal Council wants
systemically important Swiss banks – such as UBS – to hold
significantly more capital against their foreign units. UBS,
Raiffeisen Group, Zürcher Kantonalbank and PostFinance are deemed
systemically important lenders.
Capital increase
UBS said that based on published financial information from the
first quarter of 2025 and given UBS’s target CET1 capital ratio
of between 12.5 per cent and 13 per cent, UBS would have to hold
an additional estimated CET1 capital of around $24 billion on a
pro-forma basis, if the recommendations were implemented as
proposed. This includes around $23 billion related to the full
deduction of UBS AG’s investments in foreign subsidiaries, it
said. These pro-forma figures also reflect previously-announced
expected capital repatriations of around $5 billion.
As a result, UBS would have to achieve a CET1 capital ratio of
around 19 per cent. The bank said proposed measures related
to TD DTAs, capitalised software and PVAs would remove capital
recognition for these items “in a manner misaligned with
international standards.” This would cut the CET1 capital
ratio to around 17 per cent, underrepresenting the bank’s capital
strength.
UBS said the added $24 billion of capital would be added to the
previously-communicated incremental capital of around $18 billion
UBS would have to hold because of its Credit Suisse
acquisition and to meet existing regulations. In total, UBS would
be required to hold a total of about $42 billion in added CET1
capital.
Deadlines
UBS said that because it expects none of the regulatory changes
to take effect before 2027, it is sticking to its target of
having an underlying return on CET1 capital of around 15 per cent
and an underlying cost/income ratio of less than 70 per cent by
the end of 2026. In the first quarter of 2025, the ratio was 14.3
per cent; the underlying return on CET1 capital was 11.3 per
cent.
The bank said it also reaffirmed its capital return intentions
for 2025. These include accruing for an increase of around 10 per
cent in the ordinary dividend per share and buying back up to $2
billion of shares in the second half of the year, for a total of
up to $3 billion. This plan continues to be subject to UBS Group
maintaining a CET1 capital ratio target of around 14 per cent and
achieving its financial targets; it is consistent with UBS’s
previously-communicated plans and “conservative
approach,” it said.
The bank said it will communicate its 2026 capital returns
ambitions with its fourth quarter and full-year financial results
for 2025.
FINMA statement
FINMA
“In its parameters paper published today for the preparation of
the draft consultation on amendments to the Banking Act following
the emergency takeover of Credit Suisse, the Federal Council sets
out how it intends to improve the `too big to fail’ rules in
Switzerland. The measures include the introduction of an
accountability regime, more powers for FINMA and higher capital
requirements for systemically important banks with subsidiaries
abroad.
“FINMA welcomes the planned introduction of several preventive
and disciplinary instruments that will set the right incentives
for supervised institutions and thus make a decisive contribution
to reducing the likelihood of crises and resolution occurring in
the Swiss banking centre.
“The introduction of an accountability regime requires the banks
to define in a legally binding manner who is responsible for
which decisions. This enables a clear allocation of
responsibility and thus targeted new sanctions – for example,
clawbacks of variable remuneration already paid out or bonus
cuts. At the same time, it makes it easier to enforce existing
measures such as withdrawing an individual’s fit and proper
designation or imposing an industry ban. FINMA will implement the
regime pragmatically and proportionately; the burden on small
banks with a simple structure should be minimal.
“FINMA’s demand for statutory powers to enable it to order
supervisory measures earlier and more effectively (early
interventions) is also included in the package by the Federal
Council, as is the removal of the suspensive effect of appeals in
such cases. In addition, FINMA should now also have the power to
impose fines on offending institutions.
“Furthermore, in order to be better prepared for a possible
crisis at individual or multiple institutions, the Federal
Council’s parameters paper provides for the requirements for
recovery and resolution plans for systemically important banks to
be increased,” FINMA added.
First-quarter results
As reported on 30 April, UBS said that across all its divisions,
underlying pre-tax profit was $2.586 billion, down a touch from
$2.617 billion a year before; the cost/income ratio was 82.2 per
cent, or 77.4 per cent on an underlying basis. Net profit
attributable to shareholders was $1.692 billion.
“The power and scale of our diversified global franchise, coupled
with our continued focus on clients, drove strong business
momentum in the quarter and net new inflows in our
asset-gathering businesses,” Sergio Ermotti, group CEO (pictured
below), said at the time.
Sergio Ermotti