Financial institutions around the world continue to admit - on a massive scale - exposure to potential losses from an alleged $50 billion by alleged Wall Street fraudster Bernard Madoff.

Here, WealthBriefing lists the European, US and other institutions, including private banks and asset management firms, that are reported to have been hit by the fraud so far:

Banco Santander - Spain's largest bank said its investment fund Optimal has a €2.33 billion ($3.05 billion) exposure to Madoff Securities.

Ascot Partners - According to a Wall Street Journal report, the fund where former GMAC chairman Jacob Ezra Merkin is a money manager has an exposure of $1.8 billion.

Access International Advisors - According to a report by Bloomberg, Access has an exposure of $1.4 billion.

Benbassat & Cie - The Swiss private bank has an exposure of $935 million, according to Le Temps.

Union Bancaire Privee - The Swiss bank that invests in funds of hedge funds has lost about $850 million, according to Le Temps.

Man Group – The UK-listed hedge fund firm said in a statement today it had $360 million invested in funds advised or sub-advised by Mr Madoff.

BNP Paribas - France's largest listed bank said it has a potential €350 million ($464.3 million) exposure.

Reichmuth & Co - The Swiss private bank said its fund of funds Reichmuth Matterhorn had an exposure to investments linked to Mr Madoff that amounted to about $325 million.

Nomura- The Japanese bank said it had $303 million exposure related to Mr Madoff, but the impact on its capital would be limited.

Maxam Capital Management - The fund has lost about $280 million on funds invested with Madoff, a source familiar with the matter told the Wall Street Journal.

EIM Group - Le Temps reported that EIM Group, a fund of hedge funds, said it had a $230 million exposure.

Aozora Bank - The Japanese bank said in a company statement that it had an estimated 12.4 billion yen ($137 million) indirect exposure to Madoff through invested funds. It said it expected only limited impact on its capital.

Unicredit - The Italian bank said its own exposure to Madoff's alleged fraud is about 75 million euros ($101 million). Some funds in its Pioneer Investments unit "are exposed to Madoff indirectly through feeder funds," it said in a statement.

Nordea Bank - The Nordic region's biggest bank said in a statement that its pension clients had an indirect exposure of 48 million euros ($66 million) to the alleged fraud.

Benedict Hentsche – The Swiss private bank said in a statement that its exposure to products linked to Madoff amounted to 56 million francs ($47 million), or less than 5 per cent of assets under management.

Fairfield Sentry - The $7.3 billion hedge fund run by Walter Noel's Fairfield Greenwich Group said it had accounts with Madoff Investment Securities.

UBS - The investment bank unit of the Swiss financial group said it has a limited and insignificant counterparty exposure.

Bramdean Alternatives - UK asset manager, headed by well known fund manager Nicola Horlick, said 9.5 per cent of its holdings were exposed to Madoff.

Austin Capital - The company managed money for the Massachusetts state pension fund, which lost $12 million with Madoff, it said.

Bank Medici - The Austrian bank serving wealthy clients and institutional investors, said it held products affected by the fraud, but was not at risk in case of a loss. It declined to say how big the exposure was.

HSBC - The UK-listed bank, which operates a large private banking arm, confirmed media reports speculating that it had exposure to Madoff. The bank said its potential exposure was "in the region of $1 billion".

Fortis Bank Nederland - The bank said it and its subsidiaries had no direct exposure to Madoff, but parts of the group do have a risk exposure to certain funds the bank provides collateralised lending to. The loss could amount to around €850 million, it said.

KBC – The Belgian bancassurer, which is the ultimate owner of UK private bank Brown Shipley, said it had “no direct exposure to” Madoff Investment Securities. Meanwhile, KBC said its “indirect exposure” via collateralised loans to funds of funds was “immaterial to KBC’s earnings.

“KBC has made some loan advances to institutional customers who have invested in funds managed by Madoff Investment Securities, but does not expect this to have any indirect material impact, either,” it said.

Crédit Agricole - The French bank, said its overall exposure to Madoff’s investment business was below €10 million.

Union Bancaire Privée said the exposure of its clients to Madoff “represents less than 1 per cent of the total assets under management of the bank”.

Hennessee Group, the US-based hedge fund firm which also regularly issues data on performance by the hedge fund sector, said it had no exposure to Mr Madoff's funds.

Raymond James - the financial advisory network said it had not, as it said had been erroneously reported by the CNBC television news channel, marketed Madoff products and had otherwise no exposure to these investments.

Tremont Group Holdings - a hedge- fund firm owned by OppenheimerFunds Inc, had $3.3 billion, or more than half its total assets, invested with  Mr Madoff's funds, Bloomberg reported, citing a person familiar with the matter.

Tremont’s Rye Investment Management unit had $3.1 billion, virtually all the money the group managed, allocated to Madoff, said the person.

Credit Industriel ET Commercial - Credit Mutuel's unit CIC said it could have maximum 90 million euros ($126.1 million) exposure to Madoff.

Dexia- The Belgian bank said in a company statement it had $106.9 million, while the EIM Group had $230 million.

Fairfield Greenwich- The alternative investment specialist said in a statement on its website it had invested approximately $7.5 billion in vehicles connected to Madoff, or half of its assets.

Fix Asset Management- $400 million exposed, according to a statement.

Groupama was exposed by $14 million, according to a company statement.

Kas Bank had €9 million allocated to Mr Madoff company, according to a statement

Madoff Family Foundation itself had $19 million, according to The Washington Post.

Mirabaud & Cie told Le Temps it was exposed by “a few million.”

Mitsubishi UFJ was exposed by $11 million, according to Bloomberg.

Natixis- the French bank stated it could have a $602 million indirect exposure to Madoff.

Phoenix Holdings was exposed by $12.42 million, according to a statement.

Pioneer Alternative Investments allocated almost all of its $280 million of assets to Madoff, said Bloomberg.

Royal Bank of Canada - Less than $40 million, according to national news papers.

Royal Bank of Scotland - Exposed by $360 million according to a company statement.

SNS Real Groep, told Bloomberg it had “minimal exposure”.

Societe Generale had less than €10 million, it said in a company statement.

Technion- Exposed by $6.5 million according to a company statement.

Swiss Life- The insurer stated its exposure to Madoff amounted to about $80.07 million, or less than 0.1 percent of its assets under management.

BBVA - Spain's second-largest bank stated that it sees a maximum potential loss from Madoff-linked investments of $404 million.

UBI Banca - The Italian bank said its exposure to Madoff amounted to $84.63 million.

Baloise - The Swiss insurer will have to write down $13 million after investing in hedge fund Kingate Global, which in turn invested in Madoff's investment vehicle.

Kingate Global Fund - The $2.8 billion hedge fund run by Kingate Management had invested in Madoff Investment Securities, according to Bloomberg.

Boston Properties - Chairman Mort Zuckerman told CNBC that about 10 per cent of one of his charitable trusts was invested with Madoff and had lost about $30 million.

Chais Family Foundation - The group, which donates about $12.5 million annually to Jewish causes, said it will be forced to close after the entire fund was invested with Madoff.